A Signal Segmentation Approach to Identify Incident/Reflected Traveling Waves for Fault Location in Half-Bridge MMC-HVdc Grids

This article presents a new systematic technique for identifying voltage traveling waves (TWs) to determine the location of line faults in half-bridge modular multilevel converter-based high-voltage dc (HBMMC-HVdc) grids. In this technique, buffered signal frame around fault-detection time is first scaled and then segmented via an optimization process. Finally, incident/reflected TWs arrival times are obtained by executing simple search algorithm on reconstructed segments’ differences. describes how use three forms TW-based fault schemes, including single-ended scheme with known TW velocity, double-ended unknown velocity. The application results four-terminal HBMMC-HVdc grid simulated exact component models show proposed technique’s high capability accuracy all fault-location schemes. According these results, average errors less than 0.5% numerical also confirm that maintains its excellent performance, even face close terminal distances down 4 km, resistances up $450 \Omega $ , noisy signals signal-to-noise ratios 55 dB. Moreover, comparison approach more tolerant measurement noise wavelet transform.